For my scenario, I'll stick with digital literacy in teachers, since that's such a trending topic in the 2023-2026 period.
Say, you want to measure if male teachers or ...
For my scenario, I'll stick with digital literacy in teachers, since that's such a trending topic in the 2023-2026 period.
Say, you want to measure if male teachers or female teachers score differently on a digital literacy scale, that's a classic (and slightly sexist) independent sample t-test situation. Nobody appears in both group, each person gives you 1 score, and you t-test them together
On the other hand, instead of doing that, you want to run a digital literacy program, where teachers would take 1 test before and 1 test after. Now the case is different: same group of people but 2 different scores. That's paired samples t-test.
The logic I have is simple: are the scores connected to the same person? Yes -> paired; No-> independent