The EFA results showed that three factors emerged, corresponding to the constructs of learning motivation, student engagement, and perceived effectiveness. The rotated ...
The EFA results showed that three factors emerged, corresponding to the constructs of learning motivation, student engagement, and perceived effectiveness. The rotated component matrix indicated that most items loaded strongly on their intended factors, with loadings above .50.
Overall, the item groupings make good theoretical sense. Items related to interest, enjoyment, and attention clustered under motivation, while participation and interaction items loaded on engagement. Items about usefulness and learning outcomes grouped under perceived effectiveness.
However, there were a few minor cross-loadings. For example, one engagement item also showed a moderate loading on the motivation factor, which may suggest some overlap between these constructs. This is understandable because engagement and motivation are closely related in learning contexts.