Three factors emerged from the EFA, successfully representing the constructs of motivation, engagement, and perceived effectiveness. With factor loadings predominantly ...
Three factors emerged from the EFA, successfully representing the constructs of motivation, engagement, and perceived effectiveness. With factor loadings predominantly above .50, the rotated component matrix confirmed that the item groupings align well with established theory.
The successful clustering of 'participation' items under engagement and 'utility' items under effectiveness supports the instrument's validity. The minor cross-loading noted between engagement and motivation does not undermine the results; rather, it reflects the natural conceptual intersection of these variables within a learning environment.